翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Circle of Love (film) ・ Circle of Lovers ・ Circle of Magic ・ Circle of Magic (Doyle and Macdonald novels) ・ Circle of Oak and Mistletoe ・ Circle of One ・ Circle of Palms Plaza ・ Circle of Perversion ・ Circle of Power ・ Circle of Rhine Party ・ Circle of Scorpions ・ Circle of Serbian Sisters ・ Circle of Snakes ・ Circle of stars ・ Circle of Swabia ・ Circle of Tchaikovsky ・ Circle of the Oath ・ Circle of the Rhine ・ Circle of the Sun ・ Circle of Three ・ Circle of Two ・ Circle of Willis ・ Circle officer ・ Circle Oil ・ Circle on Cavill ・ Circle packing ・ Circle packing in a circle ・ Circle packing in a square ・ Circle packing in an equilateral triangle ・ Circle packing in an isosceles right triangle Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Circle of Tchaikovsky ： ウィキペディア英語版 Circle of Tchaikovsky The Circle of Tchaikovsky, also known as Tchaikovtsy, Chaikovtsy, or the Grand Propaganda Society (''Чайковцы'', ''Большое общество пропаганды'' in Russian) was a Russian literary society for self-education and a revolutionary organization of the Narodniks in the early 1870s. == Background and origin == The intelligentsia of mid-nineteenth century Tsarist Russia were dissatisfied with what they saw as social stagnation of the nation and had begun to demand reform (their attitude was notably characterised by novelist Ivan Turgenev as nihilism). The peak of this social activism gave rise to a number of secret organisations, among them Land and Liberty, People's Revenge, and the Circle of Tchaikovsky.〔 The Circle was founded in St. Petersburg during student unrest in 1868-1869 as a group opposed to the reckless violence of Sergey Nechayev. It was named after Nikolai Tchaikovsky, one of its prominent members. A literary society for self-education within the Medical Surgical Academy was the heart of the organization, the initial purpose of which was to share books and knowledge that had been banned in the Russian Empire. It included students Mark Natanson, V. M. Aleksandrov, and Anatoly Serdyukov, who were joined by Nikolai Tchaikovsky and Feofan Lermontov. Besides self-education, the circle's main tasks were to unite students of Petersburg and other cities, and conduct propaganda among workers and peasants with the purpose of fomenting a social revolution. The Tchaikovsky set higher moral standards for their members in the face of Nechayev's unscrupulousness. They had a negative attitude towards struggle for political freedoms, which, in their view, were only advantageous to the arising Russian bourgeoisie. These principles were formulated in the ''Программа для кружков самообразования и практической деятельности'' (''Program for the circles of self-education and practical activity''), put together by the Tchaikovtsy in late 1870 – early 1871. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Circle of Tchaikovsky」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.